Architecture of Computer System

Architecture of Computer System :-

A modern computer system consist of a CPU, memory, system bus and a number of device controllers. The different component of computer system architecture are-

• Input Unit
• Processing Unit
• Output Unit

Input Unit :- 

This unit is responsible for data input, any instruction and data can be providing to computer through input device and computer process these instructions. This unit makes link between user and computer. The input devices translate the information into the machine readable form. Some popular input device used with computer system are-

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Joy Stick
4. Light pen
5. Track Ball
6. Scanner
7. Camera or Web Cam
8. Microphone
9. Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
10. Optical Character Reader(OCR)
11. Bar Code Reader (BCR)
12. Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
13. Touch Screen
14. Digitizer (Graphics Tablet)

Output Unit :-

The devices which are used to display the data to the user either in the form of hard copy or soft copy are called Output devices. This unit create link between computer and users. Output devices translate the computer's output into human readable form. Some output devices used with computer system are-

1. Monitor
2. Plotter
3. Printer
4. Speaker
5. Projector

Processing Unit :-

In computer system CPU perform all type of data processing operations. It store data, intermediate results and instruction and it also control the unit operation. The central processing unit (CPU) is considered as the brain of computer. CPU has itself three unit

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• Control Unit (CU)
• Memory Unit (MU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) :-

The ALU perform the arithmetic and logic operations. An ALU is further divided into two subsection 

• Arithmetic Unit - It perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other complex arithmetic operation.
• Logic Unit - This unit perform the logic operation like comparison, matching, selecting, and merging of data.

Control Unit -

The control unit works like a boss and coordinates all the processor's activities. It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer. It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and communicates with Input/output devices for transfer of data or results from storage.

Memory Unit - 

Memory is used to store data and instructions before and after processing. There are two type of memory called primary memory or internal memory and secondary memory.